Russian language · Русский язык
Lessons	Introduction · Alphabet · Lesson 1 · Lesson 2 · Lesson 3 · Lesson 4 · Lesson 5	(view) (edit)
Reference	Numbers · Cases (Nom. · Gen. · Dat. · Acc. · Inst. · Prep.) · Adjectives · Prepositions · Verbs (Aspect · Past · Future) · Pronouns (Personal · Possessive · Interrogative) · Cursive
Appendices	Appendix · Alphabet · Internet · Cheat Sheet

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The Base Of The Russian Language

The Russian language is one that developed with the influx of various European and Middle Eastern languages. This is largely due to the geographical location of Russia, historical trade with other countries, and cultural Renaissance started by Russian royalty and other Bourgeoisie. Because of this, the Russian language is one that can be compared to languages such as Greek, Dutch, Italian, French, Arabic, Yiddish, and others that helped to mold it into the language known today. Though the base of the language is Slavic, many alphabetical, grammatical, and vocabulary forms are distinctly foreign.

Dutch

Words from Dutch

Dutch	Russian	English translation
sluis	шлюз	lock
snoer	шнур	flex, cord
kabeltouw	кабельтов	cable length
kiel	киль	keel
ruim	трюм	hold
kajuit	каюта	cabin
schipper	шкипер	captain (skipper)
vlaggestok	флагшток	flagstaff
vrucht	фрукт	fruit
bootsman	боцман	boatswain
noord	норд	north (wind)
zuid	зюйд	south (wind)
oost	ост	east (wind)
west	вест	west (wind)
reis	рейс	journey, voyage
broek	брюки	pants
appelsien	апельсин	orange
kraan	кран	tap

English

Words from English

English	Russian
basketball	баскетбол
bodybuilding	бодибилдинг
business	бизнес
businessman	бизнесмен
chips	чипсы
computer	компьютер
football	футбол
film	фильм
filter	фильтр
hamburger	гамбургер
jeans	джинсы
office	офис
sport	спорт
tennis	теннис
internet	интернет
motor	мотор
sweater	свитер
auto	авто
automobile	автомобиль

Words that entered English

Russian	English
дача	Dacha
субботник	Subbotnik
тройка	troika
спутник	sputnik

German

Words from German

German	Russian	English translation
Schlagbaum	шлагба́ум	barrier
Rucksack	рюкза́к	backpack
Zifferblatt	цифербла́т	clock face
Perückenmacher	парикма́хер	hairdresser (wigmaker)
Kartoffel	карто́фель	potato
Graf	граф	count
Butterbrot	бутербрóд	sandwich (literally 'bread and butter')
Schlauch	шланг	Hose
Lager	лагерь	Camp
Landschaft	ландша́фт	Landscape
Staat	штат	state
Strafe	штраф	Fine (as punishment)
Maßstab	масштаб	scale
Quittung	квитанция	receipt
Fackel	факел	torch
Feuerwerk	фейерверк	fireworks
Spritze	Шприц	Syringe
Buchhalter	Бухгалтер	accountant
Halstuch	галстук	necktie
Maßstab	масштаб	scale (map)

Words that entered German

Russian	German	English translation
граница	Grenze	border
дача	Datsche	weekend home, cabin
субботник	Subbotnik	work input on a Saturday

French

Words from French

abat-jour - абажу́р (lampshade)
avant-garde - аванга́рд (avant-garde)
avant-scène - авансце́на (proscenium)
bagage - бага́ж (baggage)
beige - беж (beige)
béton - бетон (concrete)
bigoudis - бигуди (hair curler)
bijouterie - бижутерия (jewelry/jewellery)
billet
bouquiniste - букинист
boutique - бутик
café - каф́е (a café, not coffee; read: каф́э)
caisse - касса (till)
cascadeur - каскадёр (stuntman)
catastrophe - катастрофа (catastrophe)
cauchemar - кошма́р (nightmare)
chance - шанс
champagne - шампа́нское (champagne - sparkling white wine)
chanson - шансон (org. song, a music style, see: Russian chanson)
chantage - шантаж (blackmail)
concours - конкурс (competition)
costume - костюм (costume, suit)
couchette - куше́тка (couch)
coupé - купе́ (compartment)
crévette - креветка (am.e. shrimp, br.e. prawn)
dame - да́ма (lady)
déjà vu - дежавю́ or дежа вю́
douche - душ (shower)
ensemble - анса́мбль (meaning "a band", not "together")
équipage - экипаж (crew)
écran - экран (screen)
étage - этаж (floor on a building)
fabrique - фабрика (factory)
garage - гара́ж
gazon
jalousie - жалюзи (jalousie, window blinds)
journal - журнал (journal, magazine, newspaper)
lustre
magasin- магазин (store, shop)
massage - масса́ж
métro(politain)- метро (subway/underground)
meuble - ме́бель (furniture)
mirage - мира́ж (mirage)
mode - мода (fashion)
musée - музей (museum)
nature morte - натюрморт (nature morte)
ostéochondrose - остеохондроз (osteochondrosis)
parachute - парашут
plage - пляж (beach)
régime - режи́м (regime/routine)
reportage - репортаж
restaurant - рестора́н
sabotage - саботаж
sac voyage - саквояж (valise)
soldat - солдат (soldier)
souteneur - сутенёр (pimp)
théâtre - театр (theatre)
toilettes - туалет (toilets)
trottoir - тротуар (sidewalk)
ventouse - вантуз (plunger)
virage - вира́ж (road turn)
vitrage
vitrine
voyage - вояж (tour, journey)

Italian

Words from Italian

Tomato - Pomodoro - помидо́р
Wine - Vino - вино
Painting - Cartina - картина
Abbreviation - abbreviatura - аббревиату́ра
Drinking Glass - Boccale - бокал
Bravo - Bravo - браво
Prodigy - Virtuoso - виртуоз
post/mail - posta - почта
Irredentism - Irredentismo - ирредентизм
Macaroni - Macaroni - макароны
Net Weight - Ves nétto - вес нетто
Prostitute - Puttana - путана
Soldier - Soldato - солдат
Nice - Nizza - Ницца
Cake - Torta - торт
Magazine - Giornale - журнал
Newspaper - Gazzetta - газета

Polish

Words from Polish

kasztan - каштан - chestnut
kościół - костёл - church
królik - кролик - rabbit
ksiądz - ксёндз - priest
rysować - рисовать - to draw
powidła - повидло - plum jam
tuz - туз - ace
Węgry - Венгрия - Hungary

Words that entered Polish

czajnik - чайник
czech - чех
mamut - ммамонт
rodny - родной
szaszłyk - шашлык

Greek

Words from Greek

βιβλιοθήκη - (Library)
εβραίος - еврей - (Jew)
είκών- икона - (Image)
κάκτος - кактус - (Cactus)
χορός - хор - (chorus)

As well as words from Greek, many letters of the Russian alphabet come from Greek origin.

Cyrillic	Greek	English
А	Α	A
В	Β	V
Г	Γ	G
Е	Ε	E
К	Κ	K
Р	Ρ	R
с	ς	S
Ф	Φ	F
Х	Χ	H

Yiddish

Words from Yiddish

גוי - гой - Gentile
יאַרמלקע - ермолка - Yarmulke
כתיבה - ксива - ID (slang)
פּוץ - поц - Putz (slang)
שמאָק - чмо - Schmuck (slang)

Furthermore, the Russian letters Ш (Sh) and Щ (Sch) are believed to come from the Yiddish/Hebrew letter ש (Sh).

Arabic

Words from Arabic

بَدَوِيُّون - бедуин - Bedouin (A nomadic North African tribe)
وَقْف - вакф - An act of charity
كَبَاب - кебаб - Kebab
بازار - базар - Bazaar/Market (which originally comes from Persian : بازار)
صندوق - cундук - Chest/box
نفط - нефть - Oil

Miscellaneous

Words that are very similar in Russian and other Indoeuropean languages

mother - moeder (Dutch) - mutter (German) - mater (Latin) - мать
daughter - dochter (Dutch) - дочь
son - сын
brother - брат
sister - сестр́а
cat - кот
chair/stool - stoel (Dutch) - Stuhl (German) - Stalas (Lithuanian) - стул
cold - хо́лодно
day - день (non is the etymologic cognate)
door - deur (Dutch) - дверь
go, walk - ire (Latin) - идти́
honey, mead - мёд
house - domus (Latin) - дом
I - ich (German) - Yo (Spanish), Io (Italian) - я
Our - Nuestro (Spanish), Nostro (Italian) - наш
key - clavis (Latin) - ключ
love - любо́вь (noun), люби́ть (verb)
may (verb)/might - мочь (verb and noun)
milk - молоко́
moon - luna (Latin) -луна́
mouse - mus (Latin) - мышь
my/mine - мой/моя́/моё/мои́
night - ночь
nose - нос
sit - sedere (Latin) - сидеть
stand - stare - стоять
snow - снег
sun - со́лнце (read: со́нцэ)
that - тот
thou - du (German), tú (Spanish), tu (Latin, French, Italian) - ты
water - вода́
wolf - волк
And - Y (Latin form) - и
buy - kopen (Dutch) - kaufen (German) - купить

To be classified

Saturday - שבת (Hebrew) - shabbath - суббо́та
pity/blessed/pathetic - zielig (Dutch) selig (German) - жалкий
confection/candy - конфеты
precārī(Latin) to beg, pray(English) - просить, спрашивать

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