< Pizzonese
| Pizzonese |
|---|
| a Western Abruzzese dialect of the Neapolitan language continuum |
• |
| Grammar |
| Alphabet and pronunciation |
| Nouns and articles |
| Adjectives • Pronouns |
| Conjugation of esse’, to be |
| Conjugation of havè, to have |
| Interrogatives • Adverbs |
| Prepositions • Conjunctions |
| Vocabulary |
| Common verbs • Lexicon |
| Resources |
| Bibliography and sites |
Conjugation of regular nouns
There are 3 standard infinitive verb forms in Pizzonese, ending in -à, -è/-ere and -ì.
- -ccì = 2 hypothetical consonants + 1 ì
- -acì = 1 hypothetical vowel + 1 hypothetical consonant + 1 ì
With the second conjugation infinitives,
- -è (formerly -ère) is used when the ultimate (formerly penultimate) syllable is stressed–as in vedè (formerly vedère)
- -ere is used when the antepenultimate syllable is stressed–as in dícere
Also note that () denotes stem changes, which will be explained soon.
Present tense
| -à | -è/-ere | -ccì | -acì | |
| ji | -e | -e | -e | -ische |
| tu | ()-e | ()-e | ()-e | -isce |
| éssa | -a | -a | -a | -isce |
| nù | -éme | -éme | -éme | -éme |
| vù | -éte | -éte | -éte | -éte |
| isse | -ene | -ene | -ene | -iscene |
Imperfect
| -à | -e/è | -ié | -<small-text>CC</small-text>ì | -<small-text>AC</small-text>ì | |
| ji | -ave | -éve | -iéve | -éve | -éve |
| tu | -ive | -ive | -iéve | -ive | -éve |
| éssa/isse | -ava/e | -éva/e | -iéva/e | -éva/e | -éva/e |
| nù | -ame | -ame | -ame | -ame | -ame |
| vù | -ate | -ateve | -ateve | -ateve | -ateve |
| isse/chile | -avane | -évene | -iévene | -évene | -évene |
Remote past
| -à | -è | -ié | -<small-text>CC</small-text>ì | -<small-text>AC</small-text>ì | |
| ji | -iétte | -iétte | -iétte | -iétte | -iétte |
| tu | -ašte | -ište | -ište | -ište | -ište |
| éssa/isse | -atta/e | -etta/e | -etta/e | -etta/e | -etta/e |
| nù | -amme | -amme | -amme | -amme | -amme |
| vù | -ašteve | -išteve | -išteve | -išteve | -išteve |
| isse/chile | -avane | -évene | -iévene | -évene | -évene |
Simple future
This is a more recent edition to Pizzonese, as the advent of Italian and Neapolitan has made these rather automated to grammar, but has now become a shortcut. The simple remote form as used below though is barely used, as Pizzonesi usually speak of the future in terms of what they have to do, as originally there were no future tenses (as in I will (be)), and future events were talked about in terms of "being done later" (chiù doppe).
| -à | -ò | -e/è | -ié | -<small-text>CC</small-text>ì | -<small-text>AC</small-text>ì | |
| ij | -araja | -oraja | -eraja | -eraja | -iraja | -iraja |
| tu | -arié | -orié | -erié | -erié | -irié | -irié |
| éssa/isse | -arà | -orà | -erà | -erà | -irà | -irà |
| nù | -aramme | -oramme | -eramme | -eramme | -iramme | -iramme |
| ù | -arate | -orate | -erate | -erate | -irate | -irate |
| isse/chile | -aranne | -oranne | -eranne | -eranne | -iranne | -iranne |
Irregular verbs
This is a list of the most important irregular nouns in Pizzonese, in the present tense.
HAVÈ to have (to), to must
| number | person | Indicative mood | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Imperfect | Preterite | |||||
| singular | 1st. | haja | havéva | havietta | |||
| 2nd. | havira | haviva | havista | ||||
| 3rd. | havera | havéva | havetta | ||||
| plural | 1st. | havéma | havavamma | havamma | |||
| 2nd. | havéta | havavata | havata | ||||
| 3rd. | haverna | havévena | haviettena or havierna | ||||
| number | person | Subjunctive mood | |||||
| Imperfect | |||||||
| singular | 1st. | havéssa | |||||
| 2nd. | havissa | ||||||
| 3rd. | havéssa | ||||||
| plural | 1st. | havéssema | |||||
| 2nd. | havésseta | ||||||
| 3rd. | havéssena | ||||||
| Imperative mood | Infinitive | Havete! | |||||
| 2nd. pers. sing. | Past participle | havute | |||||
| 2nd. pers. plur. | Havateva! | Gerund | havenne | ||||
| ji | haja |
| tu | havira |
| éssa | havera |
| nù | havéma |
| vù | havéta |
| isse | haverna |
ÉSSERE to be
| ji | singhe |
| tu | sî |
| éssa | è |
| nù | séme |
| vù | séte |
| isse | sô |
JÌ to go
| ij | vaglie |
| tu | vié |
| éssa/isse | va |
| nù | jéme |
| ù | jéte |
| chile/isse | viéne |
PATÌ to be able
| ij | pozze |
| tu | può |
| éssa/isse | pô |
| nù | putéme |
| ù | putéte |
| chile/isse | puone |
TENÈ to have
| ij | tiénghe |
| tu | tié |
| éssa/isse | tê |
| nù | tenéme |
| ù | tenéte |
| chile/isse | tiéne |
VEDÈ to see
| ij | véde |
| tu | vide |
| éssa/isse | véda/e |
| nù | vedéme |
| ù | vedéte |
| chile/isse | vìdene |
VULÌ to want
| ij | vuoglie |
| tu | vuò |
| éssa/isse | vô |
| nù | vuléme |
| ù | vuléte |
| chile/isse | vuone |
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