< Modern Physics


This is a brief listing of some constant values that are used in this book. Constants are currently listed in no particular order.

Constant NameDefinition
Absolute zero temperature0 K = 273.15 °C
Speed of light in vacuumc = 2.99792458 × 108 m·s-1
Newtonian constant of gravitationG = 6.6742 × 1011 m3·kg-1 s-2
Planck constanth = 6.6260693 × 1034 J·Hz-1 = 4.136 × 10-15 eV·s;
Planck constant over = 1.05457148 × 1034 J·s
Elementary chargee = 1.60217653 × 1019 C
Avogadro constantNA = 6.0221415 × 1023 mol-1
Constant in Coulomb's lawK = 8.988 × 109 N·m2·kg-2
Boltzmann's constantk = 1.3806505 × 1023 J K-1
Stefan-Boltzmann constantσ = 5.670400 × 108 W·m-2·K-4
Unified atomic mass unit1 u = 1.66056×1027 kg
Bohr radiusa0 = 5.292 × 1011 m
Electron radiusre = 2.81792 × 10-15
Molar gas constantR = 8.314472 J·mol-1·K-1
Molar VolumeVmol = 22.41383 m3·kmol-1
Mass of an electronme = 9.1093897 × 10-31 kg
Mass of a protonmp = 1.6726231 × 10-27 kg
Mass of a neutronmn = 1.6749286 × 10-27 kg
Permeability of vacuumμ0 = 4π × 107T2·m3·J-1 = 12.566370614 × 107 T2·m3·J-1
Permittivity of vacuumε0 = 1/(μ0c2) = 8.854187817 × 1012 C2·J-1·m-1
Fine structure constantα = e2/(2ε0hc) = 1/137.0359895 = 7.2974 × 10-3
Thomson cross-sectionσe = 6.652 × 1029 m2

Some values from the 2002 CODATA recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants. See Constants Information at NIST.

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