Interjections

Interjections in Mirad include the assertive expressions yes, no and maybe:

Common Assertive Interjections

Va!	Yes!
Ve!	Maybe!, Perhaps!
Vo!*	No!

* Not to be confused with voy, which translates the English adverb not, as in Vo, wit voy se tadxwa.....No, he is not married.

Examples:

• Va. At se otadxwa.....Yes. I am unmarried.
• Va. At se vay otadxwa.....Yes. I am indeed/really unmarried.
• Va, vay.....Yes, indeed.
• Va ay vo. Hus vey se vyaa.....Yes and no. That may be true.
• Va ey vo?....Yes or no?
• Ve. At te voy valay.....Maybe. I don't know for sure.
• Vo. At voy vatexe et.....No. I don't believe you.
• Vo! Dilwe von xu hus.....No! Please don't do that.
• Et se Amerikama, vao?....You're American, yes or no?
• Ven va, (van et) xu has.....If so, (let you) do it.
• Ven vo, von (et) xu has.....If not, don't (you) do it.

There are also some hybrid combinations of the above assertive expressions:

Hybrid Interjections

Vao?	Yes or no?
Vea!	Maybe so!
Veo!*	Maybe not!

Other interjections include greetings and non-vulgar expletives:

Greetings

INITIAL GREETING	hay!	Hello!, Hi!
VOCATIVE GREETING	hey!	Hey!, O!, Oh!
TERMINAL GREETING	hoy!	Goodbye!, Bye!
PROXIMAL SPECIFIER	hiy!	Voici!, Here is...
DISTAL SPECIFIER	huy!	Voila!', There is...
POSITIVE EXCLAMATION	hyay!	Great! Wow!, Bravo!, Woopee!, Hurrah!
SURPRISE EXCLAMATION	hyey!	What a...!, Oh!, Well!
NEGATIVE EXCLAMATION	hyoy!	What a pity!, It's a shame!, Woe is...!, Darn it!, Yikes!, Boo!
EXPRESSION OF THANKS	hway!1	Thanks!
EXPRESSION OF WELCOME	hwey!	You're welcome!, Please
EXPRESSION OF SORROW	hwoy!	Sorry!, Excuse me!
EXPRESSION OF FUN	hwiy!	Whee!, O la la!
EXPRESSION OF PAIN	hwuy!	Ouch!, Ow!, That hurts!
LAUGHTER	hihi!	Ha ha!, Hee hee
CRYING	huhu!	Boo hoo!, Woe is me!
ADMIRATION	waw!2	Wow!, What a show!
DISGUST	wow!3	Yuck!, Eeoow!, Gross!

¹Pronounced like English why. Mirad hw is pronounced like English wh.

²Pronounced like English wow.

³Pronounced like English woe.

Examples:

• Hay! Ata dyun se Johan.....Hi! My name is John.
• Hey, Johan! Hoyen et xeye?....Hey, John, how are you doing?
• Hey, Tot!....O, God!
• Hoy. At teato et zajub.....Bye. I will see you tomorrow.
• Hiy ha dyen et dila.....Here's the book you requested.
• Hiy Tobyan.....Behold Man. (Ecce Homo).
• Hiy ata dyundraf.....Here's my caling card.
• Huy! Se xawa.....Voilà! It's done.
• Huy hos at yaka.....There's what I expected.
• Hyay et!....Good for you!
• Hyay! Et utnaze his......Bravo! You deserve this.
• Hway! Et sa gla fitipa......Thanks.! You were very kind.
• At fu hwayder et.....I'd like to congratulate you.
• Hwey!....You're welcome!
• Et efe hwoyder at.....You need to apologize to me.
• Fi. Hwoy.....Ok. I'm sorry.
• Hyey via imaj! ....Oh, what a beautiful morning!
• Hyey At ta voy van et upo.....Oh! I didn't know you were coming.
• Hyoy at.....Woe is me.
• Hyoy! Ga fia fikyen jonay.....Pity!. Better luck next time.
• Hwoy. At yefe hyoder et.....Sorry. I must take leave of you.
• Hihi! Hus sa gla diza.....Ha ha! That was very funny.
• Von hihidu.....Don't laugh.

Vulgar expletives are not offered here, but may arise naturally in daily speech.

Note: The English expression Please can be expressed in various ways:

• Hwey! Yepu.....Please! Come in. (Hwey can also mean you're welcome in answer to thank-you.
• Dilwe von (et) tyoyapu ab ha vaz.'....Please (= it is requested) don't walk on the grass.
• Dilwe van et yanupu yat.'....Please (= it is requested that) join us.
• Dilwe!....Please!
• Xu (at) (ha) fis bi yubeler at hua tyoyafi.....Please (= do (me) (the) favor of) bring me those shoes.

Many of the conjunctions in this section can be made into verbs with the addition of -der (to utter), eg.:

• hayder....greet, say hi
• heyder....address, call out to, wave down
• hoyder....say goodbye to
• hyayder....congratulate
• hwayder....thank
• hwoyder....apologize, excuse oneself, say you're sorry
• hihider....laugh
• huhuder....hiss
• vaoder....decide