The properties of graphs

The most basic relationship between two variables ${\displaystyle x}$ and ${\displaystyle y}$ is a straight line, a linear relationship.

${\displaystyle y={\rm {m}}x+{\rm {c}}}$

The variable ${\displaystyle m}$ is the gradient and ${\displaystyle c}$ is a constant which gives the intercept. The equations can be more complex than this including higher powers of ${\displaystyle x}$, such as

${\displaystyle y={\rm {a}}x^{2}+{\rm {b}}x+{\rm {c}}}$

This is called a quadratic equation and it follows a shape called a parabola. High powers of ${\displaystyle x}$ can occur giving cubic, quartic and quintic equations. In general, as the power is increased, the line mapping the variables wiggles more, often cutting the ${\displaystyle x}$-axis several times.