< Introduction to Sociology
| Sociologist | Time Period | School of Thought | Most Well-Known Contributions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comte, Auguste | 1798-1857 | positivism | coined the term "Sociology"; founder of positivism; developed the Law of three stages |
| Durkheim, Émile | 1858-1917 | structural functionalism; solidarism | well-known for several books, including: Suicide, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life; The Division of Labour in Society; started the first journal of sociology; also asserted that there are social facts |
| Marx, Karl | 1818-1883 | socialism; conflict theory | explained the origins and functioning of Capitalism; advocated socialism; argued that the history of all societies is rooted in class conflict |
| Spencer, Herbert | 1820-1903 | social darwinism | created a lengthy volume on sociology; applied Darwinian evolution to social life; coined the phrase "survival of the fittest" |
| Simmel, Georg | 1858-1918 | most well-known for his work on social structure and life in large cities | |
| Veblen, Thorstein | 1857-1929 | most well-known for his book The Theory of the Leisure Class | |
| Cooley, Charles Horton | 1864-1929 | symbolic interactionism | most well-known for his concept of the looking-glass self |
| Mead, George Herbert | 1863-1931 | symbolic interactionism | developed symbolic interactionism |
| Weber, Max | 1864-1920 | verstehen | well known for several books, including The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |
| Parsons, Talcott | 1902-1979 | structural functionalism | formalized the theory of structural functionalism |
| Garfinkel, Harold | 1917-2011 | ethnomethodology | developed the methodological and theoretical approach of ethnomethodology |
| Goffman, Erving | 1922-1982 | symbolic interactionism | most well-known for his ideas involving dramaturgy and his books Stigma and The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life |
| Bourdieu, Pierre | 1930-2002 | most well-known for his cultural capital and habitus |
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