This book is based on "How Language Works" by Michael Gasser, who kindly released it under GFDL 1.2.

Contents

Introduction

  • How Language Works/Organization and conventions in the book
  • How Language Works/What we study
  • How Language Works/How we study language
  • How Language Works/What we don't do: prescribing and evaluating language
  • How Language Works/Dialects and languages
  • How Language Works/Two themes
  • How Language Works/Why study language
  • How Language Works/Problems

Word meanings

  • How Language Works/Reference and proper nouns
  • How Language Works/Categories and common nouns
  • How Language Works/Word senses and taxonomies
  • How Language Works/Metaphor and metonymy
  • How Language Works/Deixis and person
  • How Language Works/Lexical differences among languages
  • How Language Works/Learning meaning
  • How Language Works/Problems

Word forms: units

  • How Language Works/Phonemes
  • How Language Works/Iconicity
  • How Language Works/Vowels
  • How Language Works/English consonants
  • How Language Works/Consonants in other languages
  • How Language Works/Syllables
  • How Language Works/Problems

Word forms: processes

  • How Language Works/Phonetic contexts
  • How Language Works/Assimilation
  • How Language Works/Distribution of phones
  • How Language Works/Learning phonology
  • How Language Works/English accents
  • How Language Works/Phonological change
  • How Language Works/Phonology in the wild
  • How Language Works/Problems

Composition: combining words

  • How Language Works/Attributes and attribution
  • How Language Works/Modification
  • How Language Works/Compositionality and idiomaticity
  • How Language Works/Problems

Sentences

  • How Language Works/States and events
  • How Language Works/Situation schemas and semantic roles
  • How Language Works/Constituency and noun phrases
  • How Language Works/Subjects
  • How Language Works/Direct objects
  • How Language Works/Adjuncts
  • How Language Works/Sentence functions
  • How Language Works/Problems

Grammatical categories

  • How Language Works/Morphemes
  • How Language Works/Grammatical categories and NPs
  • How Language Works/Grammatical categories and verbs
  • How Language Works/Morphophonology
  • How Language Works/Linguistic relativity
  • How Language Works/Problems

Derivation

  • How Language Works/Derivational morphology
  • How Language Works/Foregrounding and backgrounding
  • How Language Works/Active and passive voice
  • How Language Works/More verb derivation
  • How Language Works/Problems

Appendices

 
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