The verb "to be"

• The verb "to be" is esar. Me esas (I am), Me esis (I was), Me esos (I will be).
• You can just say es instead of esas if you feel like it. You use this verb all the time and that's why it has a short form.

Negative

To make a negative, just put ne before the verb. Me ne esas (I am not), ne flugas (doesn't fly), ne vidos (will not see).

Active

• Replacing -ar with -anta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is doing an action. Fluganta uceli - flying birds. Kantanta viro - a singing man.
• Replacing -ar with -inta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that has done an action. Fluginta uceli - birds that have flown. Kantinta viro - a man that has sung.
• Replacing -ar with -onta turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to do an action. Flugonta uceli - birds that are going to fly. Kantonta viro - a man that is going to sing.

Passive

• Replacing -ar with -ata turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is having something done to it. Drinkata aquo - water being drunk. Manjata pano - bread being eaten.
• Replacing -ar with -ita turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that had something done to it. Drinkita aquo - water that was drunk. Manjita pano - bread that was eaten.
• Replacing -ar with -ota turns the verb into an adjective describing the thing that is going to have something done to it. Drinkota aquo - water that is going to be drunk. Manjota pano - bread that is going to be eaten.