1: Pinaceae

2: Cones biennial, rarely triennial, with each year's scale growth distinct, forming an umbo on

each scale. Cone scale base broad, concealing the seeds fully from abaxial view. Seed without

resin vesicles. Seed wing holding the seed in a pair of claws. Leaves with primary stomatal

bands adaxial (above the xylem) or equally on both surfaces.......................................................Pinus

2: Cones annual, without a distinct umbo. Cone scale base broad, concealing the seeds

fully from abaxial view. Seed without resin vesicles, blackish. Seed wing holding the seed

loosely in a cup. Leaves with primary stomatal bands adaxial (above the xylem) or equally on

both surfaces.........................................................................................................................Picea

2: Cones annual, without a distinct umbo. Cone scale base broad, concealing the seeds fully

from abaxial view. Seed without resin vesicles, whitish. Seed wing holding the seed tightly in a

cup. Leaves with primary stomatal bands abaxial (below the phloem vessels) only........Subfamily Laricoideae

2: Cones annual, without a distinct umbo. Cone scale base narrow, with the seeds partly visible

in abaxial view. Seed with resin vesicles. Seed wing holding the seed tightly in a cup. Leaves

with primary stomatal bands abaxial (below the phloem vessels) only..........................Subfamily Abietoideae